70. See “Mormonism’s Theologian Interviewed,” Rochester Herald, September 23, 1923. . True to his heritage as a historian, Roberts envisioned the missionary gathering as a three-day, episodic treatment of important Church events. Research has recently been focused on ways mission presidents of the early twentieth century innovated new proselyting efforts focused on the Book of Mormon—subsequently pushing it to the forefront of Church culture.6 Most studies, however, overlook Roberts’s intellectual orchestration of the 1923 summer missionary labors, which he called “country work,” and the September march to Cumorah as constituent pillars of this broader push to renegotiate Latter-day Saint identity in the early twentieth century. There indeed is some archealogical evidence of great battles in the area near the Hill Cumorah, but the academic archeologists have paid little attention to this area, as the Book of Mormon has not yet achieved the same prestige in academic circles as an historical document as has the Bible . Afterwards, people gathered back near to the meadow brook passing through the Smith family farm to witness the baptism of three children, officiated by farm curator Willard Bean. Covering the themes of apostasy, personal revelation, and the restoration of priesthood authority—constituent, unique pillars of Latter-day Saint theology—member and nonmember conference-goers received a contextual broadening of the significance of Joseph Smith’s role in bringing about the Book of Mormon.93, Local newspaper reports of the second day’s proceedings were positive. See Brigham H. Roberts, Studies of the Book of Mormon, ed. Understanding the role of the Hill Cumorah in the early LDS Church can help us understand much of the character of Joseph Smith. It is not necessary for me to suggest that maintenance of the truth of the Book of Mormon is absolutely essential to the integrity of the whole Mormon movement, for it is inconceivable that the Book of Mormon should be untrue in its origin or character and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints be a true Church.18. 96. Grant, accompanied by Apostles Rudger Clawson, James E. Talmage, and Joseph Fielding Smith, attended from Church headquarters in Salt Lake City, eager to commemorate the centennial of an event that took place on that. Coriantumr, weak, wounded and alone, had to wend his way about 3,000 miles to Zarahemla, where he remained until his death and was buried by this strange people. 9 (September 1904): 401–4; “Preaching the Gospel in High Places,” Improvement Era 7, no. 90. Smith, “Minutes—the First General Conference of the Eastern States Mission,” 3; and “Palmyra Scene Re-Enacted,” 1. He later wrote an article for the Deseret News giving these details of that event: “On the summit of the hill was a canvas-draped monument. During his first summer back East, he set out to greet and train his 140 elders and sisters scattered across the ten conferences of the mission.21 Roberts met with his missionaries in Maine; Vermont; Massachusetts; New York; Pennsylvania; Delaware; Maryland; Washington, D.C.; South Carolina; West Virginia; and Kentucky before the winter snowfall made travel on the eastern seaboard and mountains less convenient.22. 43. Arrival of the Eastern States Mission elders at the Smith farm, Manchester, New York, September 21, 1923. 144 … 131. Hungry and tired, they asked around until a woman agreed to feed them a chicken dinner. Let me say once and for all, so as to avoid what might otherwise call for repeated explanation, that what is herein set forth does not represent any conclusions of mine. See my comments at the end of this post. Also the Harmony, Colesville, and Susquehanna valleys, where the priesthood was restored, both the Aaronic and the Melchizedek priesthood.”13 The significance of these sites greatly “endear[ed] this section of the country to [Roberts’s] mind and heart.”14, As he prepared to assume the presidency of the Eastern States Mission, Roberts determined to further highlight the prophetic mission of Joseph Smith and the divine origins of the Book of Mormon. After a summer of faith and sacrifice, the elders and sisters were well attuned to the spiritual significance of spending that Sunday in the Sacred Grove. If Zelph, a righteous man, … Also, participants spend almost all da… This practice lasted well into the 1860s, when Church leaders recognized potential problems with having missionaries travel in this manner. 104. 1–2 (2004): 24–37, 168–69. In the text of the Book of Mormon, "Cumorah" is a hill located in a land of the same name, which is "a land of many waters, rivers and fountains". For example, see Thomas G. Alexander, Mormonism in Transition: A History of the Latter-day Saints, 1890–1930 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986). Small groups of local missionaries and members had also gathered at the Smith Family farm and the neighboring Hill Cumorah on historic occasions.30 However, these had been individual—not ecclesiastical—undertakings to remember the founding events of the Restoration. To him, the centennial celebration was more than a series of meetings. From September 21 to September 24, 1923, the hill served as the setting for a commemoration of Smith’s vision of Moroni and receiving the golden plates. B. H. Roberts to Heber J. What is the best source to find Scriptural Evidence that the BofM happened in North America? During his walking tour of the hill Cumorah, Neville made two claims concerning evidence of the Book of Mormon that do not hold up to scrutiny. . Why “Mormonism”? 113 After he offered an explanation of the Cumorah-Ramah flag waving from the summit flagpole, the attendees were led by mission secretary LeRoi C. Snow in the sacred “Hosanna” shout, a tradition normally reserved for temple dedications. 107. * * * I tell you this as coming not only from Oliver Cowdery, but others who were familiar with it. Roberts, hitherto barred by illness from much participation, felt well enough to ask President Grant’s permission to open the meeting. 51. “There is “ no historical evidence that Moroni called the hill ‘Cumorah ’ in 1823” during his first encounter with the Prophet Joseph Smith. 132 On their journey, his missionaries evinced the traits of true pilgrims. . John W. Welch, “No, Sir, That’s Not History!” in Reexploring the Book of Mormon: The F.A.R.M.S Updates, ed. Before, during, and after sharing his scholarly research on the Book of Mormon with the presiding brethren in early 1922, Roberts established himself as one of the chief apologists of the ancient American codex.19 As scholar Terryl L. Givens explained, “Roberts publicly and privately affirmed his belief in the divine origins of the Book of Mormon until his death in 1933, but a lively debate has emerged over whether his personal conviction really remained intact in the aftermath of his academic investigations.” He continued, “It seems most plausible that Roberts’s unflinching intellectual integrity led him to articulate the most probing critique he could of the Book of Mormon, and he found himself incapable of solving the dilemmas he uncovered. By implication, the Cumorah of the golden plates is not the Cumorah of the final battles." 31. The tract is a powerful endorsement, application, summary, and testimony of the Book of Mormon’s significance and reaffirms that the scripture was already well ensconced in the missionary program of the Church before the Cumorah celebration. This slow shift necessitated a change in operations: “When missionaries were in cities, it was more difficult to find people who would provide free room and board.” Rented lodging in urban areas provided continual access to city membership but barred regular travel to the outer reaches of one’s area. In his published personal history, he wrote: “Convenient to the village of Manchester, Ontario county, New York, stands a hill of considerable size, and the most elevated of any in the neighborhood” (JS–H 1:51). Let's consider why Cumorah is important, why the New York setting was taught in the first place, why some scholars I don't think we can or ought to declare doctrine or revelation pertaining to this issue based on a few informal tidbits of information collected over the decades, particularly when there is contrary evidence and where the Church has emphasized that it does not have a position on this issue. In an August mission circular, he provided information on travel arrangements, sleeping accommodations, and directions to Palmyra. On a late September weekend, a torrent of visitors flooded the township—a spectacle unlike anything the locals had ever seen. 82. The location of the "Hill Cumorah" referenced in the text of the Book of Mormon has not been revealed to us. The name Cumorah came into “common circulation [amongst Latter-day Saints] no earlier than the mid-1830s.” “some have suggested that the location of the final battle took place somewhere other than the New York hill, such as in modern day Mexico just … These conclusions follow from a few basic points and assumptions. 81. Following the missionwide kickoff meetings on May 15, 1923, each male missionary companionship began country proselyting work in their assigned region, discontinuing conventional missionary work for the summer.33 Bereft of missionary priesthood leadership for four months, local Church leaders across the mission were instructed to chart a course of self-sufficiency while the elders were traveling through the country.34 Leaving their assigned areas, elders spread outward into rural counties, villages, farms, and meetinghouses previously unvisited during the fall, winter, and spring months. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. To him, their willing departure into the countryside without purse or scrip symbolized deep sacrifice and was a “great test of faith and patience and endurance.” Indeed, just as any religious journey forces the pilgrim to forsake social status, pay the price of discipleship, and remove him- or herself from daily life, the country work demanded wholehearted consecration and rededication to the service of God. And it was that same hill where my Father Mormon did hide up the records unto the Lord, which were sacred. 137. These scholars insist Joseph F. Smith, George Albert Smith, and Joseph Fielding Smith didn’t know what they were talking about. In his instructions to missionaries, Roberts emphasized strict limitations on catering and accommodation at the site during the conference, cautioning missionaries that they would be unable to care for the needs of other Latter-day Saints who desired to attend. As the brainchild of Mission President Brigham Henry “B. By What Authority Did Lehi Offer Sacrifices? Besides an umbrella for the drenching rain and harsh sun, each elder carried relatively little into the field with him—a medium-sized fiber suitcase usually sufficed to hold a week’s worth of toiletries, shaving materials, and mission tracts and books for prospective listeners and potential hosts.44 Sometimes fastened across the face of their suitcases was a small white paper sign with the words in black, “Why Mormonism?”45. When Roberts introduced his new proselyting plan for the summer of 1923, he included in his series of five tracts one completely dedicated to the Book of Mormon. Silent Wonder’: Music Inspired by the Hill Cumorah,” Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 13, nos. That the prophet spent a significant portion of his general conference remarks expounding on his New York visit demonstrated the personal value he derived from the proceedings, and his desire for all to know something of the “remarkable” event. To Syracuse University in New York State (ref. I personally think the Hill Cumorah soil-sample “evidence” that some Book of Mormon readers “teach” is nothing more than a “Mormon myth,” but I’m willing to bide my time until my thinking is confirmed or until I have to “eat crow” as a result of my thinking. Considering the archaeological gold mine this place must be, why dosen't the Church turn the site over to National Geographic to start some digging and recovery work on what must be the burial site of millions of … Is There Evidence of Great Battles Near the Hill Cumorah? Neilson is the author and editor of more than thirty books on Latter-day Saint history. Pacific Apostle: The 1920–21 Diary of David O. McKay in the Latter-day Saint Island Missions, Mormonism in Transition: A History of the Latter-day Saints, 1890–1930, Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. Annie Newton remembered Roberts taking “violently ill” on the first day of the conference. See D&C 24:18; D&C 84:86. Roberts, in Ninety-Fourth Semi-annual Conference, 90. ), https://byustudies.byu.edu/content/pilgrimage-palmyra-president-b-h-roberts-and-eastern-states-missions-1923-commemoration, “After President McKay’s remarks the canvas shroud that was covering the monument was removed and the congregations joined in the song “What Was Witnessed in the Heavens.” In attendance at this session was a young Gordon B. Hinckley, on his way home from his mission to England. Local newspaper reporters suggested higher numbers: “Mormon Delegates Assigned,” Rochester Herald, September 24, 1923; and “Pilgrims Return by Train,” Rochester Herald, September 24, 1923. never before experienced.”65 According to the Deseret News, the personal value of the pilgrimage for each missionary was unmistakable; a common theme of their journeyings, the reporter wrote, could well have easily been, “They had gone out to find disciples. Q.&A.-About the Xochicalco Stela Stone & the Lock. What a privilege to be here at the Hill Cumorah and to reflect on the momentous events that unfolded on September 22, 1827, when a plowboy prophet took a horse and wagon and, in the dark of night, rode to this hill, where he received an ancient record from the angel Moroni. LeRoi C. Snow, “Eastern States Mission—South West Virginia,” Liahona: The Elders’ Journal 21, no. Cumorah was the name given to Moroni’s New York hill by early Latter-Day Saints. [Page 17] “At one time a fierce battle was fought near where Buffalo, N. Y., now stands, wherein two million were lying strewn upon the earth, slain in battle and no one to bury them, till the stench drove them southward to the Hill Ramah, which was called Cumorah by the Nephite race. Roberts, “The Conference at Cumorah,” August 10, 1923, Roberts Papers. H. Roberts: Seeker after Truth,” Ensign 16, no. President Roberts made a concession for the return trip to the delight of all his missionaries: “At the end of the conference, we were happy that we were able to go home by train,” one elder recalled, “instead of having to retrace our steps by foot.” 120. According to the missionaries at the visitor’s center it is indeed the very place that is mentioned in the BOM, the place the Nephites and Lamanites had their last battle. A reader of this blog emailed me an awesome summary of the documentary evidence for the New York Cumorah. Two months before being set apart as a mission president, Roberts shared his latest critical thinking on the American scripture with the presiding brethren, a writing project that he completed before leaving for the Eastern States Mission.17 His comprehensive report sought to assess the truth claims of the Book of Mormon from multiple angles. Hogan, “Ancestors of Carl Bingham Shipp and Annie May Newton,” 166. Did Zelph live during the time frame of the Hopewell Culture. After arriving at these locations by early September, these same elders were instructed to continue their journey to Cumorah on foot for about three weeks. Courtesy CHL. He repeated his vision of the event as a gathering meant to spiritually reinvigorate the elders and sisters after a summer of hard work. Steel Utilized as Recorded in the Book of Mormon, Quiché Mayas Ancient Tradition of Eternal Marriage, Old Testament Scriptures in the New World, The Creation, Adam & Eve, the Garden of Eden, They Did Bury Their Weapons of War for Peace, Evidences of the Savior's Visit to the Americas, It Happened During the First Days of the Year, Many Cities Buried In the Depth of the Earth, Cities Sunk in the sea and Covered with Water, Ice Core Samples of Volcanic Destruction 34 AD, Behold I am the Light and Life of the world, Pre-Columbus Crosses in the Western Hemisphere, The Prints of the Nails in Jesus Christ's Hands, Jesus Wept and the Multitude Bare Record of It, Aztecs Prayed for the Return of Jesus Christ, Pre-Columbus Gods Correlate to Jesus Christ, The Gospel of Jesus Christ in the New World, Jehovah's Name Known in the Western Hemisphere. Finally, a man opened his door and agreed to let them stay. each wearing slung across his shoulders a banner with the cryptic word ‘Cumorah’ blazoned on it. Not content with literally just making up numbers out of thin air, Jonathan Neville is now manufacturing archaeological evidence out of thin air to fit his obsessive assertion that the Hill Cumorah of the Book of Mormon is in New York state. Apart from the publicity from the editor of the local Rochester Herald, who himself attended the conference, according to Roberts, “the Cumorah gathering failed of this anticipated publicity.”98. Well into the night they walked, seeking somewhere to rest. 4- Where did the Mulekites Land? Of the five tracts in Roberts’s new system, one was dedicated solely to the Book of Mormon, containing references to Roberts’s longstanding interests in the Book of Mormon that frequently highlight its “doctrinal value” and powerful witness. He warned the missionaries of his situation, and as the missionaries entered the home they recognized the gravity of his plight—“he had newspapers dated Aug. 12, 1916 for table covers.” Hoggan found him to be a “well read” individual, and they enjoyed spending the evening in his home. Unfortunately many of those ruins have been destroyed or covered over in the last 200 years . See David F. Boone, “‘A Man Raised Up’: The Role of Willard W. Bean in the Acquisition of the Hill Cumorah,” Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 13, nos. Eastern States Mission Manuscript History, July 17, 1923, LR 2475 2, CHL. Some of the puddles were large enough as to inspire younger attendees to wade into them waist-deep as the weather improved. According to Jessie Embry, in the early twentieth century “church leaders encouraged members to stay in their communities and build up the church there.” Missionaries were increasingly directed toward urban centers with established member bodies to assist their ongoing congregational growth. 136 According to the ­Rochester Herald, the centennial celebration at Cumorah conveyed the “simplicity and directness of a Norse saga” and was “epic in implications and dramatic in content.” 137 It was at root a story of how hundreds of missionaries, members, and leaders spearheaded the modern Latter-­day Saint image, strengthening their connection to the past as they marched into the future. As early as March 1923, Roberts shared with the young leaders of his Eastern States Mission a proposed outline of proselyting events leading up to the centennial celebration in Palmyra.31 In mid-May, an article detailing the missionwide summer campaign was formally published in the New York Herald.32 Beginning on May 15 (the anniversary of the restoration of the Aaronic Priesthood in 1829), mission leaders held a series of kick-off meetings marking the beginning of the summer-long country work. Staff correspondent, “Pilgrims at Birthplace of Religion,” 3. Courtesy CHL. In a lecture before the New York Historical Society in 1831, Governor DeWitt Clinton said: NY … O. Ragnar Linde, Diary, March 14, 1923, O. Ragnar Linde Papers, J. Willard Marriott Special Collections (hereafter cited as Marriott Special Collections), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; George L. Hoggan, Diary, March 14, 1923, George L. Hoggan Papers, Marriott Special Collections.
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