0000054186 00000 n >> /XObject << /Rotate 0 /FirstChar 32 >> /FontDescriptor 93 0 R << /GS1 90 0 R << << %PDF-1.2 %���� /Cs6 89 0 R /XObject << /LastChar 151 The van Deemter equation for linearly retained species in conventional packings of sphere geometry is: [2] HETP = A + B u 0 + 2 15 ε p ( 1 − ε b ) b 2 [ ε b + ε p ( 1 − ε b ) b ] 2 τ d u 0 where ε p is the intraparticle porosity, ε b is the bed porosity and b =1+{(1−ε p )/ε p } K is the adsorption equilibrium parameter for a linear isotherm with slope K . /Im14 23 0 R << /Im20 37 0 R /Subtype /CIDFontType2 /TT11 60 0 R For an open tubular column (not capillary electrophoresis), which term(s) in the van Deemter equation does(do) not affect the plate height? /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC ] /Ascent 1005 /Im3 44 0 R >> 0000007644 00000 n Capillary electrophoresis provides high resolution because: _____ A)applied electric field moves ions in one direction. /FontWeight 400 /FontFamily (Symbol) >> /LastChar 121 >> /FontName /Arial-BoldMT /FontBBox [ -517 -325 1359 998 ] >> 0000056418 00000 n << The primary application of CGE is the sep-aration of large biomolecules, including DNA fragments, proteins, and oligonucleotides. The van Deemter equation in chromatography, named for Jan van Deemter, relates the variance per unit length of a separation column to the linear mobile phase velocity by considering physical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties of a separation. /Font << The fundamental resolution equation is Fig. [ /ICCBased 82 0 R ] [ /Indexed 89 0 R 255 32 0 R ] << endobj 59 0 obj >> . In CE, two terms in Van Deemter Equation are zero; multiple-path term, A, mass-transfer term, C, 0000015450 00000 n Consider the van Deemter equation. endobj /FontFamily (Arial) 100 0 obj <>stream 0000019558 00000 n /BaseFont /ArialMT endobj endobj /Descent -216 endobj /CIDToGIDMap /Identity /DW 1000 /TT2 92 0 R endobj /ColorSpace << /Widths [ 333 333 0 0 0 0 250 278 500 500 500 0 500 500 500 0 500 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 667 0 0 722 278 500 0 556 0 722 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 >> /TT7 99 0 R /Registry (Adobe) /ModDate (D:20140420051640+07'00') /Descent -211 /Author (asoka) << 53 0 obj /TT3 95 0 R /OPM 1 /XObject << endobj /XObject << /FontStretch /Normal 73 0 obj >> %���� /DescendantFonts [ 94 0 R ] /Im10 14 0 R /Im18 35 0 R /Im4 16 0 R /ColorSpace << 0000012555 00000 n /Descent -211 556 556 278 278 584 584 584 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 0 556 833 /XObject << /Font << /Subtype /TrueType >> /Type /Page /Type /FontDescriptor 0000006230 00000 n << /ColorSpace << /FontWeight 400 0000033379 00000 n /FontName /KNHCFH+SymbolMT /XObject << trailer << /Size 1404 /Info 1331 0 R /Root 1335 0 R /Prev 989854 /ID[<2ba70b3ff8cefe99038b5a144d294666><2ba70b3ff8cefe99038b5a144d294666>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 1335 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1330 0 R /PageMode /UseThumbs /OpenAction 1336 0 R >> endobj 1336 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 1337 0 R /FitH -32768 ] >> endobj 1402 0 obj << /S 351 /T 548 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1403 0 R >> stream 0000062678 00000 n 52 0 obj The data were fitted to the simplified van Deemter equation for the theoretical plate height, H = A + B/u + Cu, in order to evaluate parameters A and C in each mode of flow in the different columns. /Type /FontDescriptor h�b```a``��2� ���� endobj High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary electrophoresis. /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 584 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 /Im12 21 0 R 58 0 obj /Type /FontDescriptor endobj I will post a separate sheet listing the equations that I will provide you for the exam under Handouts on Blackboard. /Type /FontDescriptor /ExtGState << 0000025398 00000 n endobj This equation applies to conditions where the peaks are symmetrical (sample zone concentration much less than background electrolyte concentration). >> >> /TT3 95 0 R … /LastChar 146 /TT11 60 0 R /Ascent 905 A short summary of this paper. /TT7 99 0 R 88 0 obj 68 0 obj /TT5 97 0 R /Im21 41 0 R /TT2 92 0 R >> A – the dispersion of peak area due to multiple paths in the column is not a consideration in the capillary column as only one path predominates. 0000010117 00000 n /Resources 88 0 R /XObject << /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667 667 /ItalicAngle 0 >> 722 667 611 0 0 0 0 0 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 611 556 << /CapHeight 1000 << >> Starting with the van Deemter equation: H = A + B/u + Cu we should consider all three terms. /XHeight 1000 /ItalicAngle -15 /Im6 7 0 R >> endobj /PageLabels 65 0 R << /ExtGState << This paper. /XHeight 1000 /TT2 92 0 R /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC ] /TT2 92 0 R 667 722 611 611 0 722 0 0 0 556 833 667 0 611 0 611 0 0 0 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 endobj Imagine the injection of a sample of a pure compound into a GC or HPLC instrument. /FontBBox [ -628 -376 2000 1018 ] /TT5 97 0 R /ColorSpace << /S /D << VAN DEEMTER CURVE 10 20 30 40 50 60 0.25 0.50 /ColorSpace << /FontWeight 400 /LastChar 98 /Type /FontDescriptor 0000033355 00000 n /GS1 90 0 R /ExtGState << 67 0 obj /Subtype /TrueType << endobj 0000015474 00000 n Capillary columns manufactured by Agilent Technologies have a ... VAN DEEMTER EQUATION u H = A + B + Cu A = Multi-path term B = Longitudinal diffusion term C = Mass transfer term H = Height equivalent to a theoretical plate. /Subtype /TrueType 0000002576 00000 n /FontStretch /Normal The plate height will increase again after a minimum value has been obtained. /Flags 32 74 0 obj /TT2 92 0 R >> /ItalicAngle 0 /Im22 42 0 R /Type /Font A and C go to zero which reduces plate height to submicron values and provides extraordinary separation powers. /SA false endobj /FontName /TimesNewRomanPSMT Basic look at electrophoresis in general: Charge q is acted on by a field E: /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 9.5.5 \(Windows\)) /TT9 61 0 R 0000003258 00000 n Ua�F��`hŐE��\a�� 9R�f{6�,na��0���n�>��v@��yK49G�H^�*�����n�:�g��J�,G�Zo�ř#,ތ�y��Z�k���P�ǩu��$�^�ҩ�R���*+��7�X\����.�*�%K,�hT*�|{��me���M�6g>�6 endobj << >> /CapHeight 0 0000007620 00000 n 0000027965 00000 n /Creator (PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2) H�c``pb``oa`e`�X� �� @1v�?�N-�^���{���#�w�Ő/�������P���T�Aj���Oת��T���-dR0�����)&���X#,���W� (��9m6��)�{L�PS��۩���`KRȮFNѦ$�����\*A���Y�(L= �4^�2U�քS[�\�6wu�©��UO���[��됁�B� /Font << /Im15 27 0 R Capillary electrophoresis has van Deemter Equation for open tubular column: H = A + B/u + Cu (explain) Even better resolved than HPLC! >> 0000071444 00000 n B)low viscosity of the solution provides low friction. /Type /Font >> endobj 7 Significance of the resolution value for two components with different relative concentrations. Download PDF. /Subtype /Type0 /CapHeight 1000 << 0000008943 00000 n >> /BaseFont /Arial-ItalicMT /TT2 92 0 R endobj 0000011350 00000 n /Type /ExtGState /W [ 14 [ 549 ] 16 [ 549 ] 32 33 549 39 [ 612 ] 74 [ 411 603 ] 78 [ 549 ] 80 [ 576 ] %PDF-1.5 /ItalicAngle 0 >> 0000057705 00000 n /LastChar 122 In ideal conditions, this would be displayed on the chromatogram as a single spike. h�bbd``b`z$�� �K̫@�7 B�DĪ�@�S@,' ����$$��d����� /BaseFont /KNHCFH+SymbolMT /Nums [ 0 66 0 R ] << /Pages 67 0 R /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC ] It is called the van Deemter equation or H/u curve. endstream endobj 70 0 obj >> 96 0 obj A plate height equation expresses the correlation between plate height and carrier gas velocity. >> Review Sheet: Exam II The topics, terms, concepts, and questions presented on this review sheet highlight the important concepts that I expect you to know or be familiar with. /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /FontStretch /Normal /TT3 95 0 R chromatography and field-flow fractionation is modeled by the van Deemter equation, which relates the plate height, H, to the velocity, νx,of the carrier gas or liquid along the separation axis, x. HA B C x =++ x ν ν (1) Here, A, B and C are constants. >> quantities, use capillary tubes. >> 99 0 obj >> /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 278 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 capillaries to perform high efficiency separa-tions of both large and small molecules. 0000066311 00000 n >> /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 675 0 0 0 611 611 65 0 obj >> 0000002921 00000 n /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC ] /FontStretch /Normal 500 500 444 500 444 278 500 0 278 0 0 278 722 500 500 500 0 389 389 278 500 444 667 /Type /Font /StemV 82 /Im7 8 0 R 51 0 obj Second, inherent to HPLC, a large amount of chiral selector is needed when added to the mobile phase. /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Type /Font /Im16 28 0 R /Im9 17 0 R /FontDescriptor 59 0 R << 87 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8947E2A4FFFF9480020D3C1DD5DF63EC>]/Index[69 32]/Info 68 0 R/Length 89/Prev 354224/Root 70 0 R/Size 101/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream ... Electrophoresis, Capillary/standards* Temperature; << /FontFamily (Arial) Different solutes have different mobilities and are thus separated. /ColorSpace << apillary electrophoresis (C E ) is electrophoresis /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC ] 0000001755 00000 n 0 endobj /OP false /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2000 1007 ] /TT3 95 0 R /GS1 90 0 R stream /CapHeight 1000 These separations are facilitated by the use of high voltages, which may generate electroosmotic and electro- /FontName /TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT /Im19 36 0 R 0000016756 00000 n /ExtGState << endobj << 95 0 obj endstream /TT5 97 0 R endobj 0000006206 00000 n 92 0 obj /FontBBox [ 0 -220 1113 1005 ] 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 0 Band broadening can be thought of as a measure o… << /Filter /FlateDecode >> /FirstChar 32 Packed Columns: van Deemter. endobj /CapHeight 1000 %%EOF /ExtGState << /TT5 97 0 R /GS1 90 0 R >> /Im1 85 0 R /FirstChar 32 /CapHeight 1000 /Flags 96 /Parent 67 0 R Increasing the carrier gas velocity will initially lead to a sharp decrease of the plate height. << /BaseFont /Arial-BoldMT /TT11 60 0 R capillary zone electrophoresis of ... terpreted by the plate height model of adsorption in terms of curves analogous to Van Deemter ... ther discussed by Wieme.lO The Giddings equation for 61 0 obj /Cs6 89 0 R /Im17 34 0 R /TT7 99 0 R /Length 612 /Kids [ 71 0 R 1 0 R 5 0 R 11 0 R 19 0 R 25 0 R 30 0 R 39 0 R ] /Im13 22 0 R /ExtGState << (H=A+(B/u)+(C×u)) Decreasing column radius, Decreasing stationary phase thickness. /Descent -219 >> 0000002553 00000 n 0000012579 00000 n Download Full PDF Package. 0000015496 00000 n B = longitudinal diffusion term. /QuickPDFFea62af29 103 0 R /FontStretch /Normal /CIDSystemInfo << H���ͮ�0��y�Y&W�\�$v��TH�@Db���$Nc�&���x{�N /FirstChar 40 << [ /Indexed 89 0 R 255 33 0 R ] What actually appears on the chromatogram is a triangular peak. >> /ItalicAngle -15 >> /FontDescriptor 98 0 R 0 556 0 0 611 278 0 556 278 0 611 611 611 0 389 556 333 611 0 0 0 556 ] High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary electrophoresis. /ToUnicode 78 0 R 0000071420 00000 n endobj /XHeight 1000 0000013950 00000 n /FontFamily (Times New Roman) /Ascent 905 No stationary phase necessary. 64 0 obj READ PAPER. /FirstChar 32 � >> << 66 0 obj 89 0 obj 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 0 556 556 500 556 556 278
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